Culture of peace among students Essay

It was in 1989, during the International Congress on Peace in the Minds of Men, in Yamoussoukro, Cà ´te d’Ivoire, that the notion of a â€Å"Culture of Peace† was first mentioned. Over the past ten years, the idea has come a long way. In 1994, Federico Mayor, Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), launched an international appeal on the establishment of a right to peace; in February 1994, UNESCO launched its Towards a Culture of Peace programme; in 1997, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the year 2000 as the â€Å"International Year for the Culture of Peace†; and in 1998, the same Assembly declared the period 2001-2010 the â€Å"International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World†. This is how the notion of a Culture of Peace conquered the world. What Does â€Å"Culture of Peace† Mean? Although the expression â€Å"Culture of Peace† took shape in 1989, such a culture already existed before the word was created. UNESCO’s creation is a testimonial to the existence of such a culture as early as 1945. Even though UNESCO has several mandates, it has but one mission, namely that of constructing peace. The purpose of the Organization is to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among the nations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the world† (Article I of the Constitutive Act of UNESCO). The culture of peace is peace in action. Introducing such a culture is a long-term process requiring both a transformation of institutional practices and individual modes of behavior. Finally, in order to survive and become entrenched in our values, a culture of peace requires non-violence, tolerance and solidarity. The idea of consensus, or peace, is sometimes mistaken for an absence of conflict or for society’s homogenization process. However, in order to achieve mutual understanding, there must first be differences with regard to sex, race, language, religion, or culture. The quest for mutual understanding begins with the recognition of these differences and of a will to overcome them to reach a common objective. Achieving mutual understanding protects a society from self-destruction by letting it build foundations so as to design a new way to live together. Indeed, mutual understanding fosters certain values vital for peace, including non-violence, respect of others, tolerance, solidarity and openness to others. Mutual understanding does not mean homogenization of society. On the contrary, a culture of peace is enhanced by the variety of traditions. The fact that a common vision emerges from a multi-cultural society proves that living together is possible and that this society lives according to the pulse of a culture of peace. A culture of peace is thus a comprehensive union of existing movements, hence UNESCO’s desire to create a worldwide movement for a culture of peace and non-violence. The International Year for the Culture of Peace will be one of the key moments for the creation of such a movement. This global movement should help change the culture of war into a culture of peace by uniting all groups, agencies, associations, governments and, especially, individuals within a comprehensive network that works towards the emergence of a culture of peace. Body Peace in our communities and in the world requires a connection to respect for our multiple differences, and for the right of all people to justice, freedom, and dignity. This leads to trust, community, and co-existence. We understand we are all in this together, that all people have the same basic needs and desires, and so we act for the common good rather than for the benefit of a few. Peace is more than the absence of war, violence, or conflict, but we connect to the power of love that transcends fear, anger, sorrow, and aggression, and leads us to compassion and a desire to end the suffering of all. Education is the principle means of promoting a culture of peace. This includes not only formal education in schools, but also informal and non-formal education in the full range of social institutions, including the family and the media. The very concept of power needs to be transformed – from the logic of force and fear to the force of reason and love. Education should be expanded so that basic literacy is joined by the ‘second literacy’ of ‘learning to live together’. A global effort of education and training, supported by the United Nations, should empower people at all levels with the peace-making skills of dialogue, mediation, conflict transformation, consensus-building, cooperation and non-violent social change. This campaign should be based upon universal principles of human rights, democratic principles and social justice, and at the same time, build upon the unique peace-making traditions and experiences of each society. Content of theory-based peace education Could include: the role of values systems in religious and secular world views, the history and present day struggles for justice and equality in race and gender, the ethics of science and technology, understanding of the causes of violence and war and other local, national and international disputes, the theory of conflict resolution, visions of the future, political and social change, the economics of war and oppression, human rights and citizenship, violence, war and peacemaking in the media, nonviolence in literature and the arts. Content of practical expressions of peace-making for use in peace education Models of peace-making, peace history – local, national and international, the role of the United Nations and Non-governmental Organizations, how community groups affect peaceful change, vocations for social change, the role of personal and community health and nutrition in a healthy society, understanding other cultures through language, custom and stories, parenting and child care, bullying and anti-bullying methods, peer mediation and conflict resolution skills for children in the classroom. A useful description for positive peace has been adopted by the U.N. General Assembly. Recognizing the long term nature of the work, the U.N. General Assembly (Resolution 52/15) declared the year 2000 as the International Year for the Culture of Peace. Broadly, cultures of peace include seven core elements that vary in form across cultures, yet are universals of positive peace. These elements may be envisioned as spokes of a wheel, a weakness in any one of which may produce systemic weakness or collapse. The elements are: †¢Social justice: institutionalized equity in distribution and access to material, social, and political resources; truth-telling, reparations, and penalties for infractions; full participation and power sharing by different groups; gender justice and full participation by women; †¢Human rights: rule of law and adherence to human rights standards; †¢Nonviolence: institutionalized arrangements for nonviolent conflict resolution and reconciliation; values and attitudes of civility; norms and processes that promote human security, cooperation, interdependence, and harmonious relationships at all levels;4 †¢Inclusiveness: respect for difference; participation by different groups; meeting identity needs; cultural sensitivity; †¢Civil society: strength and diversity of civic groups in sectors such as health, business, religion, and education; community action, support, and hope through these venues; full citizen participation in government; †¢Peace education: formal and informal, experiential education for peace at all levels; socialization of values, attitudes, and behaviors conducive to peace and social justice. †¢Sustainability: preservation of global resources; meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations. Psychologists may contribute to the construction of cultures of peace through work at many levels. Therapists who help to reduce family violence and to build equitable, nonviolent relationships in families contribute to cultures of peace. Educators who teach skills of nonviolent conflict resolution or work for social justice at the community level also contribute to the construction of cultures of peace. Concluding insights Peace is very important in our lives; it is basic requirement for our existence. In today’s world peace is also important because if we look around us, we see a number of nations who are at war with each other. We need a better world for our next generations. We can enjoy the benefits of the latest technological and scientific advancements only in times of peace. I realized that Peace is an ideal. It is both intangible and concrete depend upon the person’s situation; complex and simple by the way a person looks at it ; exciting and calming by how a person feels about it. Peace is personal and political depend who that person is; it is spiritual and practical how a person understands it; local and global how deep a person recognized it. It is truly a process and an outcome, and, above all, a way of being.

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Common App Essay Examples Exposed

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Common App Essay Examples Exposed Choosing where to go to college is an amazingly important choice. Allow it to sit for a couple days untouched. Perhaps you've been studying out of town but want to be nearer to old family and friends, or you could have fallen in love with a specific college because the professors are famous experts in their area. College will change you. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. You should not say anything negative about your present school. 1 approach to acquire a notion of what colleges are searching for is to read some excellent essays from students who've been successful in their bid to put in a selective university. The explanations for why you think going to a brand-new college is probably going to be a very good move will most likely use up quite lots of your essay, but even if your reasons are simple, they ought to be clearly written, be positive, and be valid. The huge pothole on Elm Street that my mother was able to hit each and every day on the best way to school would be filled-in. The Lost Secret of Common App Essay Examples If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. The technical jargon is just permitted in the event the essay is going to be read by experts in the subject. Be aware you do not need to have solved the issue, and a few of the greatest essay s will explore problems which need to be solved later on. Make sure your essay focuses on a concrete problem and the way to fix that issue. Since our writers are experts in numerous varieties of papers, we understand how to target your college irrespective of the discipline you chose. When you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin searching for an acceptable writer for your paper. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. New Questions About Common App Essay Examples You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some added recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. There's no secret answer. After you own a topic, it's best to make an outline of ideas. In general, there's no single correct topic. A Startling Fact about Common App Essay Examples Uncovered Whenever your deadline is tight, you will likely write us nervously write my essay and think we'll realize what you need from 1 sentence. You obtain a preview of your essay and ask to produce corrections if necessary. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. Richard's essay wouldn't be appropriate in all situations. Thinking through how you're going to compose an essay is good. A big part of the Common App is, obviously, the essay. Choose the most suitable Common App essay prompt and it's a blessing. Try to remember that the Common App provides you with creative license. Meeting deadlines is vital in the college application procedure, while it's the very first time around or as a transfer. Common App Essay Examples - What Is It? For others, it takes much more time to make a choice. Nonetheless, the prompt implies that you took some particular action. Use the aid of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! To make sure that you will locate a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Common App Essay Examples Is Wrong You need to deal with each portion so as to craft a good essay that presents yourself in the greatest possible light. Once it's been used for its intended purpose, it's deleted. If it is possible to paint a very clear picture for your reader by offering details, you're a whole lot more likely to submit a marker in their memories. You may even be in a position to read examples from previous students to receive your creative juices flowing. Try to remember, you have to create a great impression. Known for their capacity to rapidly replicate, it was logical they would have to be frequently transferred. You want to present yourself in a sense that will certainly grab attention. At length, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop.

Digestive System Explained Organs and Digestion

The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a thin, soft membrane  lining  of epithelial tissue called the mucosa.  In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. There are also two solid digestive organs, the liver and the pancreas, which produce juices that reach the intestine through small tubes. In addition, parts of other organ systems (nerves and blood) play a major role in the digestive system. Why Is Digestion Important? When we eat such things as bread, meat, and vegetables, they are not in a form that the body can use as nourishment. Our food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before they can be absorbed into the blood and carried to cells throughout the body. Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so that the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. How Is Food Digested? Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the digestive tract, and chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when we chew and swallow, and is completed in the small intestine. The chemical process varies somewhat for different kinds of food. The large, hollow organs of the digestive system contain muscle that enables their walls to move. The movement of organ walls can propel food and liquid and also can mix the contents within each organ. Typical movement of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine is called peristalsis. The action of peristalsis looks like an ocean wave moving through the muscle. The muscle of the organ produces a narrowing and then propels the narrowed portion slowly down the length of the organ. These waves of narrowing push the food and fluid in front of them through each hollow organ. The first major muscle movement occurs when food or liquid is swallowed. Although we are able to start swallowing by choice, once the swallow begins, it becomes involuntary and proceeds under the control of the nerves. Esophagus The esophagus is the organ into which the swallowed food is pushed. It connects the throat above with the stomach below. At the junction of the esophagus and stomach, there is a ringlike valve closing the passage between the two organs. However, as the food approaches the closed ring, the surrounding muscles relax and allow the food to pass. Stomach The food then enters the stomach, which has three mechanical tasks to do. First, the stomach must store the swallowed food and liquid. This requires the muscle of the upper part of the stomach to relax and accept large volumes of swallowed material. The second job is to mix up the food, liquid, and digestive juice produced by the stomach. The lower part of the stomach mixes these materials by its muscle action. The third task of the stomach is to empty its contents slowly into the small intestine. Intestines Several factors affect emptying of the stomach, including the nature of the food (mainly its fat and protein content) and the degree of muscle action of the emptying stomach and the next organ to receive the stomach contents (the small intestine). As the food is digested in the small intestine and dissolved into the juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, the contents of the intestine are mixed and pushed forward to allow further digestion. Finally, all of the digested nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls. The waste products of this process include undigested parts of the food, known as fiber, and older cells that have been shed from the mucosa. These materials are propelled into the colon, where they remain, usually for a day or two, until the feces are expelled by a bowel movement. Gut Microbes and Digestion The human gut microbiome also aids in digestion. Trillions of bacteria thrive in the harsh conditions of the gut and are heavily involved in maintaining healthy nutrition, normal metabolism, and proper immune function. These commensal bacteria aid in the digestion of non-digestible carbohydrates, help to metabolize bile acid and drugs, and synthesize amino acids and many vitamins. In addition to assisting in digestion, these microbes also protect against pathogenic bacteria by secreting antimicrobial substances that prevent harmful bacteria from proliferating in the gut. Each person has a unique composition of gut microbes and changes in microbe composition have been linked to the development of gastrointestinal disease. Digestive System Glands and Production of Digestive Juices The glands of the digestive system that act first are in the mouth—the salivary glands. Saliva produced by these glands contains an enzyme that begins to digest the starch from food into smaller molecules.The next set of digestive glands is in the stomach lining. They produce stomach acid and an enzyme that digests protein. One of the unsolved puzzles of the digestive system is why the acid juice of the stomach does not dissolve the tissue of the stomach itself. In most people, the stomach mucosa is able to resist the juice, although food and other tissues of the body cannot. After the stomach empties the food and its juice into the small intestine, the juices of two other digestive organs mix with the food to continue the process of digestion. One of these organs is the pancreas. It produces a juice that contains a wide array of enzymes to break down the carbohydrates, fat, and protein in our food. Other enzymes that are active in the process come from glands in the wall of the intestine or even a part of that wall. The liver produces yet another digestive juice—bile. The bile is stored between meals in the gallbladder. At mealtime, it is squeezed out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts to reach the intestine and mix with the fat in our food. The bile acids dissolve the fat into the watery contents of the intestine, much like detergents that dissolve grease from a frying pan. After the fat is dissolved, it is digested by enzymes from the pancreas and the lining of the intestine. Source: The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse

A Rape On Campus A Brutal Assault And Struggle For Justice

Savannah Schulte Psychology 1010 Professor Slatcher 4 December 2014 Extra Credit Research Paper Recently while reading Rolling Stone and looking for an article for this paper, and came across an article called â€Å"A Rape on Campus: A Brutal Assault and Struggle for Justice at UVA.† In summary, a freshman at the University of Virginia was at a frat party and her date was a member of that certain frat. She chose against drinking which is uncommon in most rape cases that occur on campuses. He later asks her to join him upstairs, and being an innocent naà ¯ve girl she decided to follow him. As soon as she entered the dark room and he did not turn on the lights she knew that something was wrong. Soon after she heard many different voices in the room and after seven different frat boys did horrid things to her she understood that this was something that some of these boys were doing this as an initiation into that frat. Of course, her friends who were so-called ‘loyal’ to their college urged her to keep quiet for fear that â€Å"she may never be allowed in a f rat again† or â€Å"put a bad light on the university.† Furthermore, the UVA is under a federal investigation to try to determine if there have been other cases of rape that may have been ‘swept under the rug.’ In this essay I want to investigate the psychology of rape and the rapist, why it happens largely in college campuses and specifically fraternities, and also to understand the â€Å"rape culture.† First, theShow MoreRelatedInformation Technology Does More Goods Than Harms5156 Words   |  21 Pagesdominant in the midst of social disorder. Some even serve as socialization groups that initiate men and women into adulthood as in Poro and Mende societies in Sierra Leone and the Oviaosese in Ogori land.      Origin of Campus Cults    What is known as secret cult in tertiary institutions started at University College, Ibadan in 1953. it was formed by nigeria’s only nobel laureate, Prof. Wole Soyinka, Aig-Imoukhuede, Pius Oleghe, Ralph Opara, Nat Oyelola and Prof. MuyiwaRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagestold the police that Mayfield ran up his apartments steps sometime around 2 a.m. that night. What else do we know that can be considered as evidence against Mayfield? Let’s see. Mayfield has no record of robbery, but he was convicted of minor assault against a neighbor six years ago. Well, thats about it. Does that make the case for the prosecution? 16 Dr. White: Yes, hes guilty; theres no other explanation for the evidence. I say we vote right now. Jones: Hold it, Doc. There is another

The American Tactics of the Revolutionary War Free Essays

string(46) " town and half to the front side of the town\." Most of Europe thought that the British with their immense amount of capital, soldiers and supplies would beat the American resistance in the American revolutionary war without much of an effort. However the Patriots realized, from their earliest difficulties, to capitalize on the enemys weaknesses. Guerrilla warfare and a strategy that emanated from the ability to manipulate events to their own benefit enabled the Americans to defeat the ostensibly more powerful British. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Tactics of the Revolutionary War or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Americans suffered great abuse from their mother country. The British laid upon the Americans heavy taxes between the years 1764 to the middle of 1776. They created such taxes in the Sugar Act, Townshend Act, Tea Act, the Intolerable Acts and many other acts. These acts over the course of the years destroyed much of the faith that Americans had in the British government. The greater portion of the population thought the British were inadequate rulers and that they could do a much better job in ruling themselves. The Americans were tired of the Quartering Act which let British troops be housed in their own homes. They didnt enjoy housing British troops so that their families could be spied upon or have their children raped. The least the Americans thought they deserved was the right to have a representation in Parliament and the right to settle the land over the Appalachian Mountains. If the farmers could have more land to work on, the Americans could have a surplus of food to ship to other countries creating a better economy for the American people. Over the course of about twenty-five years the Americans sent over 500 bills to the British House Of Trade trying to repeal the economic acts that Britain laid down upon them. The Americans also tried to convince the British to let them have the ability to trade with other countries. If the British would have allowed this the common people of American would have been doing better economically; the percent of poor people would have been lowered greatly and the average income would have gone up a great deal. The reason it would have gone up so much is that Britain controlled the prices of products. The British decided how much they would buy a product for from the Americans and charge them two or three times as much to buy it back. All the American people really wanted was to be treated properly. As Thomas Paine said in Common Sense the British treated the Americans like an abusive mother would treat her child. Due to the economic hardships the Americans suffered they knew that they were going to face many problems in the war. The Americans knew that the British had a larger supply of men ranging from more experienced generals to more soldiers. The British had such a surplus of income from all of their colonies that they were able hire and supply mercenaries from Germany to come and fight in America. They had a stronger navy and a lot more artillery than the Americans had. The Americans faced many other disadvantages such as lack of guns, ammunition, food, clothing, and most of all they were heavily outnumbered by men. The British had most advantages except for three main things. The first of all the British had a harder time setting up their supply line because they were so far away from any major base. Their main head quarters was on Long Island. The British had a difficult time setting up a supply line outside of New York and New Jersey to feed, clothe, and keep in contact with their men. The second disadvantage was that the American generals knew the land and terrain where they were fighting a lot better then the British generals did. The American Generals knew how to deal with certain weather issues and turned it to their advantage. The Americans could plan out strategies based on land and terrain rather than sheer numbers, which is how the British tried to deal with the patriots. The third and probably one of the most important British disadvantages that they faced was that the Patriots had more desire to win. The soldiers knew that they were defending their land, their families, and they were protecting their desires. The British soldiers were fighting for what most of them considered to be nothing. Most of the British soldiers were tired of fighting in America and wanted to go home and see their families or create and have a family. The Americans at the beginning of the war tried a certain style of warfare known as Jomini warfare. The two enemies would decide when to have a battle and attack each other. The two enemies would charge at each other, shoot and hope that the basic strategy that was planned at the beginning would hold out. Much less strategy was used and involved in a battle such as this. The only problem with this style of warfare for the Americans was that in certain battles the British sometimes outnumbered them four to one. One such battle that proved that the Americans could not beat the British using European warfare was in the Battle of Brandywine. Washington was trying to keep the British from overtaking Philadelphia and at least give the Continental Congress time to leave Philadelphia before they were attacked. Washington with a force of 11,000 men thought he could take on General Howe. Howe divided his army and over took Washington with a flanking maneuver and forced Washington to retreat. Washington had lost about a thousand men. This battle proved to Washington how he needed a strategy that would not have them going into a man to man combat situation where numbers were the main deciding factor. He tried to overtake General Howe at Germantown in fog by sending half of his army to the backside of the town and half to the front side of the town. You read "The American Tactics of the Revolutionary War" in category "Essay examples" The army failed to move properly so Washington lost the battle of Germantown but it prevented Howe not to have another assault on Philadelphia that year. Even though Washington lost this battle it was a victory for him personally as a commander and for the army. It proved to the Americans how they could not face the British in direct man to man combat and forced them to form new methods to fight the British so that they could survive. The Americans created new strategies in order to overcome their enemies and capitalize on their weaknesses. The native people coined this new strategy called guerrilla warfare. The basis of this style of warfare is to quickly attack your enemy and run away. The Americans carefully selected their battleground and time of attack as much as possible in guerrilla warfare so that they could have every advantage possible so that they could have a chance to win. Two such instances where the time of day and choice of terrain were the complete reasons for British defeat were at Stony Point and at Paulus Hook. The battle at Stony Point took place on the night of July fifteenth and ended the morning of July sixteenth. Washington assigned Mad Anthony Wayne to this attack. Wayne had 1,350 men that were given to him for this attack. He set his men in two tight lines and marched towards the fort in and camouflaged by the night darkness. The first men to raid the fort attacked with their bayonets. The British fort soon went into chaos and surrendered very quickly. In total this battle cost the Americans 15 lives, they killed 63 British soldiers, and General Clinton was forced to surrender the fort to the Americans. Another battle that was won by time of day and terrain was in Paulus Hook, New Jersey. Harry Lee took a small squad and attacked the 200 men post. He attacked at dawn and caught the British completely off guard and shocked them. He killed or captured almost everybody at the fort. He retreated with everyone within two hours of the attack to make sure no British reinforcements arrived. There were many different guerilla warfare styles and strategies over the course of the revolutionary war. One such strategy was to have two rows of riflemen fire and then run away. The British would then try to catch them and the troops would be lead into a trap waiting for them. Two of the best, and most successful, uses of this strategy were at the Battle of Cowpens and the Battle at Guilford Court. The Battle of Cowpens physically took place on January 17 but was set up between January 2,1781 and the day of the actual battle on January 17. The battle of Cowpens was a major battle of the war against the British for conquest as much as morals. Previous to the battle General Greene had separated his army of about 1,700 into two divisions. His army would have 1,100 and General Morgan would have about 600 men. General Cornwallis thought this to be a very foolish move and sent out Banastre Trarleton, one of the most fearsome British officers with 1,100 men. Morgan knew he would lose against Trarleton at his present so he traveled to Cowpens South Carolina to wait for the onslaught that they knew was coming. On the way to Cowpens Morgan picked up enough men to almost evenly match the British man for man. He knew that Trarleton would attack frontally so he prepared a strategy that would be able to handle it. He knew and planned on the fact that his militia would retreat at first sign of charge so he laid out a strategy that would take this into account. He had his militia stand in two rows. All of the militia that were in the rows were instructed to fire twice and leave. This strategy worked better then Morgan could have ever planned. His two rows of men, totaling about 400 men knocked back and completely destroyed the first British charge and then the militia retreated. Leaving his other men to charge at the British, General Morgan completely humiliated Trarleton. Morgan had killed or captured more than three fourths of his force. Trarleton had only escaped with 140 horsemen. The same strategy was implemented at the battle at Guilford Court. British General Cornwallis wanted revenge on General Morgan for what he did to the British at Cowpens. So Cornwallis had his army of 2,500 men trail General Morgans army who chose to go north after their victory and rejoin with General Greenes army. He trailed their army for nearly two months and after losing at least 500 men trailing Morgan and Greene, he decided to go in a complete circle back to Hillsborough. There General Nathan Greene was waiting for him. He had applied their previous strategy in the battle at Cowpens to this battle. General Greene started with 2,000 men after the Battle at Cowpens and had increased his numbers up to over 4,500 men. He decided to place a good number of his militia in two forward lines and the continental part of his army in a third row. He called Colonel Washington to protect his left flank and Light Horse Harry Lee to protect his right flank. After the quick attack Greene decided to leave and not pursue a fight. He knew that the losses that they would have suffered would not have been worth the fight but during this battle they killed about 300 British troops. This battle at Guilford Court caused Cornwallis to retreat all the way back to Wilmington and then to Virginia where the demise of the British was. Another reason the Americans won certain battles over the British army was that the British did not take the American resistance with total seriousness causing them to do some stupid things do to poor judgement. One example of a battle when the British lost due to their stupidity was in the Battle at Bennington. The British were heading towards Vermont to obtain horses, food, and other supplies to aid the German mercenaries who had been without horses for a great length of time. Lieutenant Colonel Fredrich Baum was instructed not to risk heavy losses but to scare and despoil the Vermonters. Baum left his camp with about 700 men and two cannons, which was thought to be more than enough to fight any small resistance that they might face. His first defiance of his orders was when Baum encountered a force of 200 men sent by Brigadier General John Stark. After the battle he was informed that these men were part of a militia force gathering at Bennington. He decided to press towards Bennington and destroy the force, even though it went against his orders again. Baum then marched towards Bennington. On his way there Baum saw two contingents of men going towards his rear and presumed that they were Tories that were going to flank the enemy and didnt give them a second thought after seeing them. When Baum approached Bennington, Stark order his men in front to charge, at the same time the two contingents of men already behind Baum also attack him and Baum was massacred. If Baum had taken any care as to even think of the contingents traveling behind him he could have possibly beaten the Americans at Bennington. But because of his disobedience of orders and his ignorance he lost the battle. The British, with all their money, men, supplies, and power couldnt overcome what little the Americans had. The Patriots realized, from their earliest difficulties, to capitalize on the enemys weakness. The Americans devised new tactics to overcome the British in their traditional Jomini style of warfare. The Americans used all that they possibly had to beat British. What drove the Americans to create these new strategies, though, was their desire; their desire to overcome the British is what gave the colonial fighters their true advantage during the American Revolutionary War. How to cite The American Tactics of the Revolutionary War, Essay examples

Customer loyalty through social networks - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about theCustomer loyalty through social networks. Answer: Understanding the Marketing Strategy of Gap Inc. Diversification is one of the chief marketing strategy of Gap Inc. Being a highly well-known company, Gaps marketing strategy is to capture a broad demographic of consumers (Caniato et al. 2012). The company is one of the four largest retailers dominating the apparel market of U.S. The company has five brands since 2010, namely, Old Navy, Banana Republic, Atheleta, Gap and Piperlime. This diversification is done in order to attract consumers having different taste of fashion and style. While Gap targets consumers who prefer classically styled casual apparel within a moderate cost range, Old Navy focuses on fun, value and fashion for young consumers and family. Apart from reasonably priced casual family apparel, Old Navy also offers shoes, maternity wear, various personal care items and accessories to the consumers. Banana Republic deals with highly sophisticated tailored and casual apparels, accessories, shoes and personal care products targeting the higher middle class and elite con sumers of US (Arrigo 2013). The brand Athlete offers high quality athletic apparels for women and the cost range is little higher. Apart from these four brands that are available in the offline stores, Gap Inc also has a brand called Piperlime which is an online store which offers both casual and high end fashion footwear and handbag to men, women and children. While this diversification strategy for market expansion of Gap was initially successful, in the middle of 20s, the company lost a good number of consumers (Galbreth and Ghosh 2013). Clients of the company got confused and eventually frustrated due to the complicated diversification of the company. This result in loss of consumers and the company is still struggling to gain back its consumer loyalty. Chief Competitor of Gap Inc. among HM and Zara Considering the fact that Gap Inc is facing a huge lot of competition, Zara is considered to be the chief competition of the Gap Inc. In 2008, Inditex, the parent company of Zara has officially overtaken Gap Inc. and has become the worlds biggest fashion retailer. The main reason behind Zaras success is the multi-pronged approach of Inditex that creates a closed loop. The company is very fast to get fashion to stores. The strategy of the company of utilizing the shipping containers when sending back unsold merchandise for recycling purpose, has not only reduced the manufacture cost of the company but also has gained consumers attention as an eco friendly act. Besides that, Zara has expanded it business all over the world and has registered a commendable profit of 6.3 billion dollar. Zara has reported to be responsible for 66 percent of the overall growth of Inditex, the expansion of the company is touching a new high (Kapferer and Bastien 2012). Another reason for the rapid growth of Zara is considered to be its social media advertisements. According to survey, before the emergence of social media, I was not possible for consumers to follow the latest trends in the market. However, due to its 24*7 presence in social media, Zara is successfully attracting consumers with their highly updated fashion apparels and accessories. The credit goes to highly successful business model of Zara that keeps the consumers stick to the brand (Gamboa and Gonalves 2014). On the other hand, the story of Gap is completely different from that of Zara. Out of the five brands of Gap Inc., only Banana Republic has performed well in the market. Old Navy, the brand that sells apparel and accessories at a cheaper rate is still struggling to obtain consumer equity. Products that gap should introduce and withdrawal to enhance its competitive edge. Considering the fact that Gap Inc. is gradually losing its consumers in the international market, new market strategies including addition and removal of products is required to cope up with the current market situation. One of the chief reasons behind Gaps decision to close 25 percent of its North American Stores is issues with its womens wear. The womens wear with knits and woven were manufactured during the winter (Jin et al. 2012). Majority of the consumer did not like the collection due to the poor fitting and unappealing esthetic. Negative feedbacks from the collection shook up the entire management team of Gap and the whole issue resulted in departure of Gaps Creative director Rebecca Bay. Another issue was the crop tops of the brand Banana Republic. Even the brand president Andi Owen accepted the fact that the company had made a too large bet on Crop tops. According to Owen, the crop top collection not only lacks color varation and has chiefly focused on black and white, but also is boxy and oversized. All this disasters has not only imposed negative impact on the profit market of Gap Inc but has also resulted in loss of a huge amount of customer loyalty. Considering the fact that the company is still struggling to get back its equity, it is high time for Gap Inc to introduce new products in its collection to attract consumers. Since Zara is currently ruling the apparel market, Gap can look into their popular products collections like leather plaited shopper bag, Navy double-breasted blazer or casual apparels like embroidered boho jackets with pompoms, which are currently in rage (Kim and Ko 2012). Part from this, since consumers are highly getting inclined towards animal printed coats and jackets, Gap Inc can manufacture this product with a twist of their own innovative ideas. SWOT Analysis of Gap Inc. Strengths Dealership Teamwork of Gap is strong and hence the company can reach easily to Global consumers. Being an experienced apparel industry, Gap has good Working knowledge. This helps the company to adapt the current trends easily. Apart from apparels and accessories, the company also produces baby products. Considering the fact that baby products are always in demand irrespective of market fluctuations, this can be considered as strength of Gap Inc (Cortez et al. 2014). Efficient marketing through television, online and print media is another strength of the brand. The brand manufactures several times less iconic products and has a reputation of selling products that are long lasting and durable. Weaknesses Highly competitive market along with limited market share has resulted in loosing consumers and therefore decrement of overall profit of the company (Gap.com. 2018). Excessive fragmentation of the brands has imposed negative impact on the company since the good number of consumers switched to other brands due to confusion and frustration. High dependence of the company on external manufactures is another weakness of Gap Inc. The company is failing to utilize social media and online marketing efficiently. As a result, it is failing to stay updated with current consumers choices and thus is loosing the market since past five years. Opportunities The company should work on increasing its social media efficiency and online marketing in order to understand the requirement of its consumers and to enhance its consumer loyalty. Considering the fact that the company has still not expanded itself in global market, it should open stores globally keeping the market of Asia and China as its chief focus. The company should merge with other fashion houses to boost sales. To increase consumer loyalty the company can get its brands endorsed by popular celebrities. Threats Highly efficient global competitors like Zara and HM offer more fashionable clothing in a much lesser value. This is one of the major threats for the company. Another major threat for the company is that the management of Gap Inc is still struggling to turn around the business. Increased labor costs, risky global sourcing and manufacturing along with rapids changes in the fashion industry are other factors that can be considered as threats for the company. Four Ps for Gap Inc concerning UAE Market Marketing mix of Gap Inc analyses and explain the market strategy of the company that is needed to expand its business in UAE with the help of 4 Ps namely, Product, Price, Place and Promotion (Armstrong et al. 2015). Product Being a well-known international apparel and accessories company, Gap Inc offers products like jeans, jackets and T-shirts for daily life usage and in accessories they provide handbags, shoes, jewelry, sunglasses and perfumes. In order to expand its business successfully in UAE market, Gap needs to introduce conservative and multiple layer clothes beside their original apparel collection (Khan, Rodrigues and Balasubramanian 2017). Gap can introduced popular women and men wear like Shayla that is a popular traditional scarf and disdisha in its collection to attract consumers in UAE. Short or body revealing dresses are strictly prohibited in UAE. Thus Gap should keep in mind that UAE will not provide a good market for short skirts or hot pants (Fernandes 2013). Price Considering the fact that Gap targets a vast range of consumers from middle class to elite financial condition, it will not be tough for the company to attract consumers in UAE. Initially the chief target of the company was elite consumers (Baker 2014). Since 2014, Gap understood that consumers are getting inclined towards affordable products and hence it changed it strategy of pricing its products. Place Being a popular company, Gap has a vast distribution network and a huge global presence. There are over 3700 stores of Gap across the world. In UAE, the major marketing of Gap is performed through online marketing. Offline stores of Gap are available in metro cities like Dubai. Promotion In UAE, the company uses several numbers of promotional techniques like offering e-gift cards or offline cards, which can be used in any stores within UAE. Other promotional techniques of Gap Inc include online and print media advertising. The company also organizes competitions and uses their own products as gifts (Okonkwo 2016). Suggested Advertisement Strategy for Gap Inc One of the chief strategies that need to be implemented by the company is to efficiently use the social media as a online marketing platform. Gap needs to post more advertisements in Facebook and Instagram not only to attract consumers but also to understand the requirements of `consumers of UAE. Apart from this, the company can offer special discounts, e-gift cards and gifts to consumers. Another major strategy that can be implemented by the company is endorsement of itself by well-known celebrities and sponsoring popular fashion shows. Reference Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Arrigo, E., 2013. Corporate responsibility management in fast fashion companies: the Gap Inc. case.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,17(2), pp.175-189. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Caniato, F., Caridi, M., Crippa, L. and Moretto, A., 2012. Environmental sustainability in fashion supply chains: An exploratory case based research.International journal of production economics,135(2), pp.659-670. Cortez, M.A., Tu, N.T., Van Anh, D., Ng, B.Z. and Vegafria, E., 2014. Fast fashion quadrangle: An analysis.Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,18(1), p.1. Fernandes, C., 2013. Analysis of counterfeit fashion purchase behaviour in UAE.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,17(1), pp.85-97 Galbreth, M.R. and Ghosh, B., 2013. Competition and sustainability: The impact of consumer awareness.Decision Sciences,44(1), pp.127-159. Gamboa, A.M. and Gonalves, H.M., 2014. Customer loyalty through social networks: Lessons from Zara on Facebook.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.709-717. Gap.com. (2018).Shop Women, Men, Maternity, Baby Kids Clothes Online | Gap. [online] Available at: https://www.gap.com/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2018]. Jin, B., Jung, H., Matthews, D.R. and Gupta, M., 2012. Fast fashion business model: what, why and how?. InFashion supply chain management: Industry and business analysis(pp. 193-211). IGI Global. Kapferer, J.N. and Bastien, V., 2012.The luxury strategy: break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands. Kogan page publishers. Khan, Z.R., Rodrigues, G. and Balasubramanian, S., 2017. Ethical consumerism and apparel industry-towards a new factor model. Kim, A.J. and Ko, E., 2012. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1480-1486. Okonkwo, U., 2016.Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer..Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer.

The world summit Essay Example

The world summit Essay The world summit is an event that takes place once every year and is an event where all the world leaders get together and discuss what is wrong with our planet. They then discuss how to make it better. The broadsheet article is slightly biased against America, as it says, police manhandled protestors. This is using the word manhandled meaning that they disapprove and may favour the opinion of the protestors. The tabloid article is not biased towards or against any of the sides at the world summit. I do think that the broadsheet is not unfair to be biased against America because, as it states in their article, America is the worlds number one polluter, yet they are not doing much about it. This is a proved, certifies fact and although the article contains many facts, it also has quite a few opinions as well. When they start with the sentence, the earth summit ended amid chaos and acrimony, they make it sound as if it is much worse than it actually is. Also, when it mentions how the police manhandled protestors, it could have just said something like , removed, or ushered out, but they chose to write manhandled which is much more aggressive, therefore being what they think really happened as opposed to what did happen. Also, it says in the second paragraph, Kofi Annan, the united national secretary general was left insisting that the $50 million (i 33 million) summit wad not a failure. They could have left the facts about the summits cost out of it but they kept it in to emphasize how much of a ridiculous amount of money was spent on it and how it was a failure. We will write a custom essay sample on The world summit specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The world summit specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The world summit specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In fact, it seems it was a failure. Although they spent so much money on it, they only reached two firm targets; to reduce the number of people without access to sanitation by half by 2015 and setting up marine reserves by 2012. Others such as banning toxic chemicals and protecting fish stocks, have been heavily qualified. Other promises in the final agreement are repeats of previous declarations or represent a weakening of earlier deals. The headline or title of the article is, US critics jeer Powell as summit ends on discord. This sums up the way the protestors acted and how they did a mass walkout about the way they disapproved of what Powell was saying. Also they mention that summit ends in discord, which means that they sort of agree that it was a waste of time and that not enough was done at this years world summit because although there was something done, it was not enough, therefore agreeing with the protestors that it was a complete and utter waste of time and money. The sub-heading reads, Powells speech makes clear that Bush has written off the planet and has abdicated world leadership. The speech obviously does not actually say this in these words, it is just summing up what it is basically saying, it is merely unfortunate that this message is coming across, although this may be the broadsheet newspaper twisting what Powells speech says to make it to be what they want to hear, This is by far changing the truth but then keeping all the basic facts in place.